DCMI: Using Dublin Core

Title:	Glossary
Creator:	Mary S. Woodley
Contributor:	Gail Clement
Contributor:	Pete Winn
Date Issued:	2001-04-12
Date Updated:	2001-02-24
Identifier:	http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2001-04-12/glossary/
Replaces:	http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2000-07-16/glossary/
Is Replaced By:	http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2003-08-26/glossary/
Is Part Of:	http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2001-04-12/
Status of Document:	This is a DCMI Working Draft.

7. Glossary

The Dublin Core™ Metadata Glossary is a collaborative effort of the User Guide Committee with special thanks to Gail Clement & Pete Winn, whose original glossary was a basis for this version. Terms included in this glossary are based on Dublin Core™ documents, presentations at DC conferences, and discussions on the DC General listserv. We welcome comments and feedback regarding additions, deletions or changes to the terms and/or definitions found below.

The glossary was last updated on 02/24/2001

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1:1 principle

    </dd>
  </dl>

The principle whereby related but conceptually different entities, for example a painting and a digital image of the painting, are described by separate metadata records

A

AACR2

      <dt>

administrative
metadata

      <dd>Metadata used in managing and administering
      information resources, e.g., location or donor
      information. Includes rights and access information, data
      on the creation and preservation of the digital
      object.</dd>

      <dt>

Anglo-American
Cataloguing Rules (AACR2)

      <dd>The dominant bibliographic standard regulating
      cataloging in the English-speaking world.  AACR2
      represents a set of rules for the standard description of
      and access to all materials which a library holds or to
      which it has access.</dd>

      <dt>

American Standard Code for Information Interchange
(ASCII)

      <dd>A scheme that provides standard numeric values to
      represent letters, numbers, punctuation marks and other
      characters.  The use of standard values allows
      computers and computer programs to exchange data.</dd>

      <dt>

application profile

      <dd>A set of metadata elements, policies, and guidelines
      defined for a particular application. The elements may be
      from one or more element sets, thus allowing a given
      application to meet its functional requirements by using
      metadata from several element sets including locally
      defined sets. For example, a given application might
      choose a subset of the Dublin Core&#8482; that meets its needs,
      or may include elements from the Dublin Core, another
      element set, and several locally defined elements, all
      combined in a single schema. An Application profile is
      not complete without documentation that defines the
      policies and best practices appropriate to the
      application.</dd>

      <dt><b>ASCII</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange">American
      Standard Code for Information Interchange</a>

      <dt><b>Author</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#creator">Creator</a>

      <dt>

authority
control

      <dd>A set of rules or procedures that maintain
      consistency for accessing names or terms within a
      database. Means of establishing a consistent form of the
      name or concept through authority records.</dd>

      <dt>

authority
file

      <dd>A collection of authority records.</dd>

      <dt>

authority
record

      <dd>A record that shows the preferred form of a personal
      or corporate name, geographic region or subjects. It
      indicates variant forms of the established heading.</dd>
    </dl>


    <h3>

    <dl>
      <dt><b><a id="bsr" name="bsr"></a>Basic Semantics
      Register</b></dt>

      <dd>An <a href="http://forum.afnor.fr/afnor/WORK/AFNOR/GPN2/TC154WG1/PUBLIC/WEB/ENGLISH/content.htm">
      ISO Standard ISO/TS 16668:2000</a> which identifies and
      defines semantic components for use in data
      exchange.</dd>

      <dt>

best
practice

      <dd>Guide and documentation to describe and standardize
      the use of metadata elements that best support a
      community's needs.</dd>

      <dt><b>BSR</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#bsr">Basic Semantics Register</a>

  </dd>
</dl>

C

case-sensitive

      <dt>

Coverage

      <dd>The Dublin Core&#8482; element used to designate the extent
      or scope of the content of the resource. Coverage will
      typically include spatial location (a place name or
      geographic co-ordinates), temporal period (a period
      label, date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a
      named administrative entity). Recommended best practice
      is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary, and
      that, where appropriate, named places or time periods be
      used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of
      co-ordinates or date ranges. <a href="/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2001-04-12/sectb/#coverage">
      See also section 4 of the Dublin Core&#8482; Users
      Guide.</a>

      <dt><b><a id="creator" name="creator"></a><a href="/specifications/dublin-core/dces/">Creator</a></b></dt>

      <dd>The Dublin Core&#8482; element used to designate the entity
      primarily responsible for making the content of the
      resource. Examples of a Creator include a person, an
      organization, or a service. <a href="/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2001-04-12/sectc/#creator">
      See also section 4 of the Dublin Core&#8482; Users
      Guide.</a>

      <dt><b><a id="crosswalk" name="crosswalk">Crosswalk</a></b></dt>

      <dd>A table that maps the relationships and equivalencies
      between two or more metadata formats. Crosswalks or
      metadata mapping support the ability of search engines to
      search effectively across heterogeneous databases, i.e.
      crosswalks help promote interoperability.</dd>
    </dl>

  </dd>
</dl>

D

Date

      <dt><b>DCMES</b></dt>

      <dd>Dublin Core&#8482; Metadata Element Set. See <a href="#dc">Dublin Core</a>.</dd>

      <dt><b>DCMI</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#dcmi">Dublin Core&#8482; Metadata
      Initiative</a>

      <dt>

Description

      <dd>The Dublin Core&#8482; element used to designate a textual
      description of the content of the resource. <a href="/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2001-04-12/sectb/#description">
      See also section 4 of the Dublin Core&#8482; Users
      Guide.</a>

      <dt><b>DCSV</b></dt>

      <dd><a href="#dcsv">See Dublin Core&#8482; Structured
      Value</a></dd>

      <dt>

descriptive metadata

      <dd>Metadata that supports the discovery of a digital
      object.</dd>

      <dt>

digital
tourist

      <dd>An inexperienced searcher in the digital environment
      who does not possess knowledge of community- specific
      vocabularies. The Dublin Core&#8482; provides a rudimentary
      vocabulary, or "pidgin language" for information
      discovery when exploring new digital territories. Coined
      by Ricky Erway at the Metadata Workshop on Metadata for
      Networked Images, September 24-25, 1996.</dd>

      <dt>

discovery
software

      <dd>A computer application designed to simplify, assist
      and expedite the process of finding information
      resources.</dd>

      <dt>

Document Object
Identifier

      <dd>DOI was developed by the International DOI Foundation
      as a system for identifying and exchanging intellectual
      property in the digital environment.</dd>

      <dt>

Document Type
Definition (DTD)

      <dd>
        In SGML or XML, a formal description of the components
        of a specific document or class of documents. DTDs
        provide a formal grammar used for machine processing
        (parsing) of documents expressed in SGML or XML. A DTD
        description includes: 

        <ul>
          <li>The containers or elements that make up the
          document; e.g., paragraphs, headings, list items,
          figures, tables, etc.</li>

          <li>The logical structure of the document; e.g.,
          chapters containing sections, etc.</li>

          <li>Additional information associated with elements
          (known as attributes); e.g., identifiers, date
          stamps, etc.</li>
        </ul>
      </dd>

      <dt>

document-like object
(DLO)

      <dd>Originally defined as an entity that resembles a
      document from the standpoint that it is substantially
      text-based and shares other properties of a document;
      e.g., electronic mail messages or spreadsheets. The
      definition was expanded at the <a href="http://www.oclc.org/oclc/research/publications/review96/image.htm">
      3rd DC workshop</a> to refer to any discrete information
      resource that are characterized by being fixed (i.e.,
      having identical content for each user). Examples include
      text, images, movies, and performances.</dd>

      <dt><b>DOI</b></dt>

      <dd>see <a href="#doi">Document Object
      Identifier</a>

      <dt>

dot.syntax

      <dd>A mechanism for refining the meaning of the element
      in HTML; for example, &lt;META
      NAME="DC.Title.Alternative"
      CONTENT="<i>Title</i>"&gt;</dd>

      <dt><b>DTD</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#DocumentTypeDefinition">Document Type
      Definition</a>

      <dt>

Dublin Core

      <dd>The Dublin Core&#8482; is a <a href="/specifications/dublin-core/dces/">15-element
      metadata element set i</a>ntended to facilitate discovery
      of electronic resources. The Dublin Core&#8482; has been in
      development since 1995 through a series of focused
      invitational workshops that gather experts from the
      library world, the networking and digital library
      research communities, and a variety of content
      specialties. See Section 1 of this guide or the <a href="">Dublin Core&#8482; Web
      Site</a>.</dd>

      <dt><b>Dublin Core&#8482; Simple</b></dt>

      <dd>The fifteen Dublin Core&#8482; elements used without
      qualifiers, that is without element refinement or
      encoding schemes.</dd>

      <dt><b><a id="dcmi" name="dcmi"></a>Dublin Core&#8482; Metadata
      Initiative</b></dt>

      <dd>Dublin Core&#8482; Metadata Initiative, the body responsible
      for the ongoing maintenance of Dublin Core&#8482;. DCMI is
      currently hosted by the <a href="http://oclc.org/home/">OCLC Online Computer Library
      Center, Inc</a>., a not-for-profit international library
      consortium. The work of DCMI is done by contributors from
      many institutions in many countries. DCMI is a
      consensus-driven organization organized into working
      groups to address particular problems and tasks. DCMI
      working groups are open to all interested parties.
      Instructions for joining can be found at the DCMI web
      site under Working Groups (<a href="">http://dublincore.org</a>)</dd>

      

      <dt><b><a id="dcsv" name="dcsv"></a> <a href="/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-dcsv/2000-07-11/#sec2">
      Dublin Core&#8482; Structured Values</a></b></dt>

      <dd>DCSV recognizes two types of substrings: labels and
      values. A label is the name of the type of a value, and a
      value is the data itself. A value that is comprised of
      components, i.e. a value which has its own label and
      value, is called a structured value. Punctuation supports
      the parsing of the DCSV.</dd>

      <dt>

Dumb-down
Principle

      <dd>A rule for the application of Interoperability
      Qualifiers, which stipulates that qualifiers can refine
      but not extend the meaning of the element to which they
      are applied. Thus, ignoring a qualifier ("dumbing down"
      the qualifier) may cause a loss of precision, but the
      resulting value should still be of some use to an
      application or user.</dd>
    </dl>

  </dd>
</dl>

E

EAD

      <dt>

electronic
information resource

      <dd>An information resource that is maintained in
      electronic, or computerized format, and may be accessed,
      searched and retrieved via electronic networks or other
      electronic data processing technologies (e.g.,
      CD-ROM)</dd>

      <dt>

element

      <dd>A discrete unit of data or metadata. An element may
      contain subelements that are called <a href="#qualifier">qualifiers</a> in Dublin Core&#8482;.</dd>

      <dt>

element refinement
(qualifier)

      <dd>Qualifiers make the meaning of an element narrower or
      more specific.</dd>

      <dt><b><a id="embed" name="embed"></a>embedded
      metadata</b></dt>

      <dd>Metadata that is maintained and stored within the
      object it describes; the opposite of stand-alone
      metadata.</dd>

      <dt>

Encoded Archival
Description

      <dd>An SGML DTD that represents a highly structured way
      to create digital finding aids for a grouping of archival
      or manuscript materials.</dd>

      <dt><b><a id="encoding" name="encoding">encoding
      scheme</a></b></dt>

      <dd>A scheme that aids in the interpretation of an
      element value. These schemes include controlled
      vocabularies and formal notations or parsing rules. A
      value expressed using an encoding scheme will thus be a
      token selected from a controlled vocabulary (e.g., a term
      from a classification system or set of subject headings)
      or a string formatted in accordance with a formal
      notation.</dd>

      <dt>

extensible

      <dd>Having the potential to be expanded in scope, area or
      size. In the case of Dublin Core, the ability to extend a
      core set of metadata with additional elements.</dd>

      <dt>

Extensible Markup
Language (XML)

      <dd>A subset of Standard Generalized Markup Language
      (SGML), a widely used international text processing
      standard. XML is being designed to bring the power and
      flexibility of generic SGML to the Web, while maintaining
      interoperability with full SGML and HTML. For more
      information, see <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">http://www.w3.org/XML/</a>

  </dd>
</dl>

F

Format

      <dt>

glossary

      <dd>An alphabetized list of terms with definitions often
      created by an organization to reflect its needs. Normally
      lacks hierarchical arrangement or cross references. Also
      known as a term list.</dd>

      <dt>

Global Information Locator
Service (GILS)

      <dd>GILS embraces open standards to implement
      interoperable searching across diverse, decentralized
      information 'locators' to return references to all kinds
      of electronic and non-electronic information resources.
      Locators are implemented as common semantics for
      characterizing information resources, i.e. common
      metadata semantics. Formally known as Government
      Information Locator Service.</dd>

      <dt>

Graphics Interchange
Format (GIF)

      <dd>The dominant graphics format on the Web, limited to
      256 colors. GIFs provide sharper black &amp; white images
      than JPEGs.</dd>

      <dt>

granularity

      <dd>The level of detail at which an information object or
      resource is viewed or described.</dd>
    </dl>

  </dd>
</dl>

H

HTML

      <dt>

Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML)

      <dd>The standard text-formatting language for documents
      on the World Wide Web. HTML text files contain content
      that is rendered on a computer screen and markup, or
      tags, that can be used to tell the computer how to format
      that content. HTML tags can also be used to encode
      metadata and to tell the computer how to respond to
      certain user actions, such as a mouse click. For more
      information, see <a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/">http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/</a>.</dd>
    </dl>

  </dd>
</dl>

I

Identifier

      <dt>

Multipurpose
Internet Mail Extensions

      <dd>The standard for attaching files to Internet e-mail
      messages. Attached files may be text, graphics,
      spreadsheets, documents, sound files, etc.</dd>
    </dl>

  </dd>
</dl>

N

National Information Standards Organization

The use of namespaces allows the definition of an > element to be unambiguously identified with a URI, even > though the label "title" alone might occur in many metadata > sets. In more general terms, one can think of any closed > set of names as a namespace. Thus, a controlled vocabulary > such as the Library of Congress Subject Headings, a set of > metadata elements such as DC, or the set of all URLs in a > given domain can be thought of as a namespace that is > managed by the authority that is in charge of that > particular set of terms.
> networked > resource >: An object that is available electronically via a > network.
NISO: See National Information Standards > Organization >

O

OCLC

      <dt>

Online Computer
Library Center (OCLC)

      <dd>The major source of cataloging data for libraries
      around the world; located in Dublin, Ohio, US.</dd>
    </dl>

  </dd>
</dl>

P

parsing

      <dt>

Publisher

      <dd>The Dublin Core&#8482; element used to designate the entity
      responsible for making the resource available. Examples
      of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a
      service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be
      used to indicate the entity. <a href="/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2001-04-12/sectc/#publisher">
      See section 4 of the Dublin Core&#8482; Users Guide</a>.</dd>

      <dt><b>PURL</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#purl">Persistent Uniform Resource
      Locator</a>

  </dd>
</dl>

Q

qualifier

  </dd>
</dl>

R

RDF

      <dt>

registry

      <dd>A system to provide management of metadata elements.
      Metadata registries are formal systems that provide
      authoritative information about the semantics and
      structure of data elements. Each element will include the
      definition of the element, the qualifiers associated with
      it, mappings to multilingual versions and elements in
      other schema.</dd>

      <dt>

Relation

      <dd>The Dublin Core&#8482; element used to designate A reference
      to a related resource. Recommended best practice is to
      reference the resource by means of a string or number
      conforming to a formal identification system. <a href="/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2001-04-12/sectb/#relation">
      See section 4 of the Dublin Core&#8482; Users Guide</a>.</dd>

      <dt>

Request for Comment
(RFC)

      <dd>A Request for Comment (RFC) is the process of
      establishing a standard on the Internet. Discussion of
      the proposed standard on the Internet is facilitated by
      the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Once
      approved, the standard receives a unique number which
      identifies it; e.g., RFC See <a href="http://www.isi.edu/rfc-editor/">http://www.isi.edu/rfc-editor/</a>.
      and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html">http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html</a>

      <dt><b>Resource</b></dt>

      
  <dd>A resource is anything that has identity. Familiar examples include 
    an electronic document, an image, a service (e.g., "today's weather report 
    for Los Angeles"), and a collection of other resources. Not all resources 
    are network "retrievable"; e.g., human beings, corporations, and bound 
    books in a library can also be considered resources. <a href="/specifications/dublin-core/dc-xml-guidelines/2002-04-14/"> http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/2002/04/14/dc-xml-guidelines/</a>

      <dt>

Resource Description
Framework (RDF)

      <dd>The basic language for writing metadata; a foundation
      which provides a robust flexible architecture for
      processing metadata on the Internet. RDF will retain the
      capability to exchange metadata between application
      communities, while allowing each community to define and
      use the metadata that best serves their needs. For more
      information see <a href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/">http://www.w3.org/RDF/</a>

      <dt>

resource
discovery

      <dd>The process through which one searches and retrieves
      an <a href="#informationresource">information
      resource</a>.</dd>

      <dt><b>Resource Type</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#Type">Type</a>.</dd>

      <dt><b>Resource Description</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#Description">Description</a>.</dd>

      <dt><b>Resource Identifier</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#Identifier">Identifier</a>

      <dt><b>RFC</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#rfc">Request for Comment</a>

      <dt><b><a id="rights" name="rights"></a><a href="/specifications/dublin-core/dces/">Rights</a></b></dt>

      <dd>The Dublin Core&#8482; element used to provide a link to
      information about rights held in and over the resource.
      Typically a Rights element will contain a rights
      management statement for the resource, or reference a
      service providing such information. Rights information
      often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR),
      Copyright, and various Property Rights. If the rights
      element is absent, no assumptions can be made about the
      status of these and other rights with respect to the
      resource. <a href="/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2001-04-12/sectc/#rights">
      See section 4 of the Dublin Core&#8482; Users Guide.</a>

      <dt><b>Rights Management</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#rights">Rights</a>

      <dt>

ROADS

      <dd>Resource Organisation And Discovery in Subject based
      services. A UK funded project whose aim is to develop
      discovery software for Internet resources.</dd>

      <dt><b>RSS</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#rss">RDF Site Summary</a> .</dd>
    </dl>

  </dd>
</dl>

S

scheme

      <dt>

semantics

      <dd>Significance or meaning. In the case of Dublin Core,
      the significance or intended meaning of individual
      metadata elements and their components.</dd>

      <dt><b>SGML</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#StandardGeneralizedMarkupLanguage">Standard
      Generalized Markup Language</a>

      <dt>

SICI

      <dd>Serial Item and Contribution Identifier (ANSI/NISO
      Z39.56-1996 Vers. 2) A numeric notation to identify
      serial issues and articles uniquely regardless of their
      distribution medium (paper, electronic, microform).</dd>

      <dt>

software
agent

      <dd>A computer program that carries out tasks on behalf
      of another entity. Frequently used to reference a program
      that searches the Internet for information meeting the
      specified requirements of an individual user.</dd>

      <dt>

Source

      <dd>The Dublin Core&#8482; element used to designate a reference
      to a resource from which the present resource is derived.
      The present resource may be derived from the Source
      resource in whole or part. Recommended best practice is
      to reference the resource by means of a string or number
      conforming to a formal identification system. <a href="/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2001-04-12/sectb/#source">
      See also section 4 of the Dublin Core&#8482; Users
      Guide.</a>

      <dt>

Standard
Generalized Markup Language (SGML)

      <dd>A non-proprietary language/enabling technology for
      describing information. Information in SGML is structured
      like a database, supporting rendering in and conversion
      between different formats. Both XML and later versions of
      HTML are instances of SGML. For more information see <a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/SGML/">http://www.w3.org/SGML/</a>.</dd>

      <dt>

stand-alone metadata

      <dd>Metadata that is created, maintained and stored
      independently of the object it describes. The opposite of
      embedded metadata.</dd>

      <dt><b>structured value</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#dcsv">Dublin Core&#8482; Structured
      Value</a>

      <dt>

structural
interoperability

      <dd>Is achieved through data models for specifying
      semantic schemas in a way that they can be shared; for
      example, RDF.</dd>

      <dt>

structural metadata

      <dd>Structural metadata defines the digital object's
      internal organization and is needed for display and
      navigation of that object.</dd>

      <dt><b>Sub-element</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#elementrefine">element
      refinement</a>

      <dt>

Subject

      <dd>The Dublin Core&#8482; element used to designate the topic
      of the resource. The element may use controlled
      vocabularies or keywords or phrases that describe the
      subject or content of the resource. <a href="/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2001-04-12/sectb/#subject">
      See also section 4 of the Dublin Core&#8482; Users
      Guide.</a>

      <dt>

Subject Headings

      <dd>An alphabetical list of words or phrases that
      represent a concept that is under authority control,
      e.g., the Library of Congress Subject Headings.</dd>

      <dt>

surrogate
content

      <dd>Metadata as a substitute for an actual resource.</dd>

      <dt><b>switching language</b></dt>

      <dd>A mediating language used to establish equivalencies
      among various indexing languages. Dublin Core&#8482; has been
      viewed as a switching "language" between various metadata
      schemas.</dd>

      <dt>

syntactic
interoperability

      <dd>Achieved by marking up our data in a similar fashion
      so we can share the data and so that our machines can
      understand and take the data apart in sensible ways; for
      example, XML, EAD and MARC.</dd>

      <dt>

syntax

      <dd>The form and structure with which metadata elements
      are combined. In the case of Dublin Core, the form and
      structure of how metadata elements and their components
      are combined to form a metadata record.</dd>
    </dl>

  </dd>
</dl>

T

TEI

      <dt>

temporal

      <dd>Limited by or in regard to time.</dd>

      <dt>

Text Encoding
Initiative (TEI)

      <dd>An international project to develop guidelines for
      the preparation and interchange of electronic texts for
      scholarly research as well as a broad range of other
      language industry uses. The TEI DTD is an SGML Document
      Type Definition for encoding literary works. For more
      information, see <a href="http://www-tei.uic.edu/orgs/tei/info/teij16.html">http://www-tei.uic.edu/orgs/tei/info/teij16.html</a>

      <dt>

thesaurus

      <dd>A controlled vocabulary of terms or concepts that are
      structured hierarchically (parent/child relationships) or
      as equivalences (synonyms), and related terms
      (associative). See also Subject headings and
      glossary.</dd>

      <dt>

Thesaurus of Geographic Names

      <dd>The TGN is a controlled vocabulary containing around
      1,000,000 names and other information about places. It
      includes physical features and administrative entities,
      such as cities and nations. The emphasis in TGN is on
      places important for art and architecture.</dd>

      <dt><b><a id="title" name="title"></a><a href="/specifications/dublin-core/dces/">Title</a></b></dt>

      <dd>The Dublin Core&#8482; element used to designate the name
      given to the resource. Typically, a Title will be a name
      by which the resource is formally known. <a href="/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2001-04-12/sectb/#title">
      See also section 4 of the Dublin Core&#8482; Users
      Guide.</a>

      <dt>

tokens

      <dd>The means to denote the status of an element or
      qualifier within a registry; e.g., proposed, recommended,
      conforming (to the namespace), obsolete, or local.</dd>

      <dt>

Type

      <dd>The Dublin Core&#8482; element used to designate the nature
      or genre of the content of the resource. Type includes
      terms describing general categories, functions, genres,
      or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best
      practice is to select a value from a controlled
      vocabulary <a href="/specifications/dublin-core/usageguide/2001-04-12/sectb/#type">
      See also section 4 of the Dublin Core&#8482; Users
      Guide</a>

  </dd>
</dl>

U

ULAN

    <dl>
      <dd>See <a href="#UnionListsofArtistsNames">Union List of
      Artist Names</a>

      <dt>

Unicode

      <dd>A universal encoding scheme designed to allow
      interchange, processing and display of the world's
      principal languages, as well as many historic and archaic
      scripts. Unicode supports and fosters a multilingual
      computing world community by allowing computers using one
      language to "talk" to computers using a different
      language. A registered trademark of Unicode, Inc.</dd>

      <dt>

Unicode
Transformation Format, 8-bit (UTF-8)

      <dd>A temporary form of Unicode that is well suited for
      routing data through systems that are not designed for
      Unicode, such as some email servers and Web clients.
      UTF-8 is an attractive way of storing multilingual data
      on the Internet, without requiring full Unicode
      compliance.</dd>

      <dt>

Uniform Resource
Identifier (URI)

      <dd>The syntax for all names/addresses that refer to
      resources on the World Wide Web. For information about
      Internet addressing, see <a href="http://www.w3.org/Addressing/Addressing.html">http://www.w3.org/Addressing/Addressing.html</a>.</dd>

      <dt>

Uniform Resource
Locator (URL)

      <dd>A technique for indicating the name and location of
      Internet resources. The URL specifies the name and type
      of the resource, as well as the computer, device and
      directory where the resource may be found. The URL for
      Dublin Core&#8482; Metatdata Initiative <a href="/">http://dublincore.org/</a>.
      For information about Internet addressing, see <a href="http://www.w3.org/Addressing/Addressing.html">http://www.w3.org/Addressing/Addressing.html</a>.</dd>

      <dt>

Uniform Resource Name
(URN)

      <dd>A URI (name and address of an object on the Internet)
      that has some assurance of persistence beyond that
      normally associated with an Internet domain or host name.
      For information about Internet addressing, see <a href="http://www.w3.org/Addressing/Addressing.html">http://www.w3.org/Addressing/Addressing.html</a>.</dd>

      <dt>

Union Lists of Artists' Names (ULAN)

      <dd>Union List of Artist Names. A controlled vocabulary
      of artists' names and biographical and bibliographic
      information produced by the Getty Vocabulary
      Program.</dd>

      <dt><b>URI</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#uri">Uniform Resource
      Identifier</a>

      <dt><b>URL</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#url">Uniform Resource Locator</a>

      <dt><b>URN</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#urn">Uniform Resource Name</a>

      <dt><b>USMARC</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#marc">MARC</a>

      <dt><b>UTF-8</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#unicode">Unicode Transformation Format,
      8-bit</a>.</dd>
    </dl>

  </dd>
</dl>

V

value qualifier

    <dl>
      <dd>Value qualifier refers to either an encoding rule or
      controlled vocabulary that aids in the interpretation of
      the value within the metatag. See <a href="#encoding">encoding scheme</a>.</dd>

      <dt>

vcard

      <dd>A standard for storing information about individuals
      or corporations; an electronic business card.</dd>

      <dd>For more information, check the <a href="http://www.imc.org/pdi/%20">Internet Mail
      Consortium</a> page on personal data exchange.</dd>
    </dl>

  </dd>
</dl>

W

Warwick Framework

      <dt><b>W3C</b></dt>

      <dd>See <a href="#WorldWideWebConsortium">World Wide Web
      Consortium</a>

  </dd>
</dl>

X

XML

  </dd>
</dl>

Y

Z

Z39.50

  </dd>
</dl>

Acknowledgements

Many sources were consulted for the creation of this glossary:

BIBLINK: Objectives, Scope and Glossary

Clement, Gail and Peter Winn. A user guide for simple Dublin Core: glossary (draft). Last updated 05/12/99.

Baca, Murtha, ed. Introduction to metadata: glossary. Version 2.0 http://www.getty.edu/research/institute/standards/intrometadata/index.html

Lanzi, Elisa. Introduction to vocabularies: enhancing access to cultural heritage information. Los Angeles: Getty Information Institute, 1998. Updated by Patricia Harpring, 2000. http://www.getty.edu/research/institute/vocabulary/introvocabs/

Moen, William. An Overview of Z39.50, Supplemented by a Case Study of Implementing the Zebra Server Under the Linux Operating System http://www.unt.edu/wmoen/Z3950/GIZMO/appendix_d.htm

Schemas glossary http://www.schemas-forum.org/related/glossary.html

Smith, Allison. Terms commonly used in authority control and thesaurus construction. Word document provided to DC-general listserv.

Other useful glossaries :

Digital Library Initiative at the Univerisity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. http://dli.grainger.uiuc.edu/glossary.htm

UKOLN Glossary http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/glossary/

National Library of Canada. A Glossary of Digital Library Standards, Protocols and Formats. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/pubs/netnotes/notes54.htm

http://www.muni.org/gis/gisinternet/htmls/metadata/glossary.htm

http://www.nulook.uneb.edu/about/glossary.html

Web Thesaurus Compendium. Provides listings of thesaurai by alphabetical order and subject. Has links to related literature and software for building thesaurai. http://www.darmstadt.gmd.de/~lutes/theslit.html