Papers: Application Profiles and Interoperability

This study analyzes the structural limitations of DLS metadata used in South Korean school libraries and proposes an approach for its extension. The current DLS metadata structure, which primarily focuses on bibliographic and holding information, has limitations in supporting curriculum integration and data sharing with external resources. To address these issues, this study proposes curriculum-linked metadata elements, including school level, grade level, subject area, and subject topic, and reconstructs them using a BIBFRAME-based RDF triple structure. This approach extends DLS metadata into an entity-based semantic framework and enables linkages with external web resources. Furthermore, this study enhances the direct integration of school library metadata with the curriculum, improving the efficiency of resource discovery and use, and providing a foundation for the systematic utilization of school library collections.

As research becomes increasingly data-driven and interdisciplinary, metadata interoperability has become essential for efficient data discovery and reuse. However, many domain-specific metadata schemas lack clear specifications and standardized structures, making cross-domain integration difficult. To address this issue, this study proposes a systematic three-phase workflow for cross-domain metadata mapping. The workflow consists of Phase (i) preliminary assessment of metadata schemas, Phase (ii) mapping relationship analysis, and Phase (iii) XSLT-based metadata transformation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed workflow, a case study is conducted using a set of 125 metadata schemas. The results show that only 10 out of 125 schemas satisfy the requirements for mapping to the six mandatory DataCite properties, while the remaining schemas are limited by incomplete documentation or structural heterogeneity. In particular, challenges in representing properties such as ``Identifier'' and ``ResourceType'' highlight persistent semantic and structural mismatches across metadata standards. XSLT transformation files were developed and released, enabling practical implementation of the proposed mapping approach. This study contributes a systematic workflow for metadata mapping and provides empirical evidence on the limitations of current metadata standardization practices, supporting future efforts toward improved cross-domain metadata interoperability.

Application profiles record the local application of metadata vocabulary terms, how they combine, and the values they may take. There are two tabular formats for authoring application profiles. SimpleDSP, from the Metadata Information Infrastructure Construction Project in Japan, has served for over a decade as a tabular form of the Description Set Profile model. DCTAP, from a more recent DCMI working group, approaches the same task from a different starting point. Both are in active use, but practitioners moving between communities have had no single authoring interface that treats the two as peers. This paper compares and contrasts the two formats along the dimensions that shape application profile authoring in practice, and argues that neither is a reduction of the other. Based on this analysis, the authors present Tapir (https://yamaml.github.io/tapir/), a browser-based graphical editor that treats both formats as peers, preserves the bilingual character of SimpleDSP, and runs entirely in the user's browser, so that profile authoring stays within a privacy-oriented interface. Alongside the editor, an updated command-line toolkit and a type-safe authoring route in Apple's Pkl language extend the same profile model. The editor, the toolkit, and the Pkl package are released as open-source software.

This paper presents OpenDataGOV-AP, a Linked Data Application Profile for modelling parliamentary initiatives and related actors in the Portuguese Parliament. Relevant public information exists but is fragmented across heterogeneous XML and PDF sources, limiting its discoverability, interoperability, and reuse by citizens, journalists, and policy-makers. We propose a data-driven profile structured around four modules — Core, Initiatives, Biographical-Profile, and MP-Activities — that reuses established RDF vocabularies and introduces domain-specific terms via the POLIS ontology where gaps exist. Development followed best practices, and the profile is accompanied by a SHACL file for validation. The resulting knowledge graph was validated through SPARQL queries demonstrating cross-party co-authorship analysis and electorate-normalised legislative output. This work provides a semantic foundation for Linked Open Data publishing, semantic search, and improved transparency of parliamentary information.