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    <title>Element Refinement in Dublin Core&amp;#8482; Metadata on DCMI</title>
    <link>https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/</link>
    <description>Recent content in Element Refinement in Dublin Core&amp;#8482; Metadata on DCMI</description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 13 Jun 2005 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate>
    
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    <item>
      <title>Element Refinement in Dublin Core™ Metadata: Release History</title>
      <link>https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/release_history/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Dec 2019 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/release_history/</guid>
      <description>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Release: &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/&#34;&gt;Current Version&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Release: &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-06-13/&#34;&gt;2005-06-13&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Release: &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-04-11/&#34;&gt;2005-04-11&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Release: &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-12-07/&#34;&gt;2005-12-07&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Release: &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-01-23/&#34;&gt;2005-01-23&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Element Refinement in Dublin Core™ Metadata</title>
      <link>https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-12-07/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Dec 2005 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-12-07/</guid>
      <description>&lt;table class=&#34;docinfo&#34; cellspacing=&#34;0&#34;&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Creator:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Pete Johnston&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Date Issued:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;2005-12-07&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Identifier:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-12-07/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-12-07/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Replaces:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-06-13/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-06-13/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Is Replaced By:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Not applicable&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Latest Version:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Status of Document:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;This is a DCMI &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/#recommendedresources&#34;&gt;Recommended Resource&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Description:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;This document describes the concept of &#34;element refinement&#34; as used in Dublin Core&amp;#8482; metadata. It seeks to explain the consequences of stating that one property &#34;refines&#34; a second property. The purpose is to clarify that in some cases it may be appropriate and useful to make such an assertion and in other cases such an assertion may result in contradictions.&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;elements-properties-and-statements&#34;&gt;Elements, Properties and Statements&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dublin Core™ elements and element refinements are properties. A property is &amp;quot;a specific aspect, characteristic, attribute, or relation used to describe resources&amp;quot;. According to the &lt;em&gt;DCMI Abstract Model&lt;/em&gt;, all these &amp;quot;aspects, characteristics, attributes and relations&amp;quot; involve relationships between resources [DCMIAM]. Each property corresponds to a type of relationship, such as the notion that a resource &amp;quot;is created by&amp;quot; an agent (the agent is a second resource), or that a resource &amp;quot;is about the subject of&amp;quot; some concept (the concept is also a resource).&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Element Refinement in Dublin Core™ Metadata</title>
      <link>https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-06-13/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jun 2005 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-06-13/</guid>
      <description>&lt;table class=&#34;docinfo&#34; cellspacing=&#34;0&#34;&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Creator:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Pete Johnston&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Date Issued:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;2005-06-13&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Identifier:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-06-13/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-06-13/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Replaces:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-04-11/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-04-11/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Is Replaced By:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-12-07/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-12-07/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Latest Version:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Status of Document:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;This is a DCMI &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/#recommendedresources&#34;&gt;Recommended Resource&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Description:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;This document describes the concept of &#34;element refinement&#34; as used in Dublin Core&amp;#8482; metadata. It seeks to explain the consequences of stating that one property &#34;refines&#34; a second property. The purpose is to clarify that in some cases it may be appropriate and useful to make such an assertion and in other cases such an assertion may result in contradictions.&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;elements-properties-and-statements&#34;&gt;Elements, Properties and Statements&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dublin Core™ elements and element refinements are properties. A property is &amp;quot;a specific aspect, characteristic, attribute, or relation used to describe resources&amp;quot;. According to the &lt;em&gt;DCMI Abstract Model&lt;/em&gt;, all these &amp;quot;aspects, characteristics, attributes and relations&amp;quot; involve relationships between resources [DCMIAM]. Each property corresponds to a type of relationship, such as the notion that a resource &amp;quot;is created by&amp;quot; an agent (the agent is a second resource), or that a resource &amp;quot;is about the subject of&amp;quot; some concept (the concept is also a resource).&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Element Refinement in Dublin Core™ Metadata</title>
      <link>https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-04-11/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Apr 2005 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-04-11/</guid>
      <description>&lt;table class=&#34;docinfo&#34; cellspacing=&#34;0&#34;&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Creator:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Pete Johnston&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Date Issued:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;2005-04-11&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Identifier:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-04-11/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-04-11/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Replaces:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-01-23/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-01-23/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Is Replaced By:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-06-13/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-06-13/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Latest Version:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Status of Document:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;This is a draft DCMI &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/#recommendedresources&#34;&gt;Recommended Resource&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Description:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;This document describes the concept of &#34;element refinement&#34; as used in Dublin Core&amp;#8482; metadata. It seeks to explain the consequences of stating that one property &#34;refines&#34; a second property. The purpose is to clarify that in some cases it may be appropriate and useful to make such an assertion and in other cases such an assertion may result in contradictions.&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;elements-properties-and-statements&#34;&gt;Elements, Properties and Statements&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dublin Core™ elements and element refinements are properties. A property is &amp;quot;a specific aspect, characteristic, attribute, or relation used to describe resources&amp;quot;. According to the &lt;em&gt;DCMI Abstract Model&lt;/em&gt;, all these &amp;quot;aspects, characteristics, attributes and relations&amp;quot; involve relationships between resources [DCMIAM]. Each property corresponds to a type of relationship, such as the notion that a resource &amp;quot;is created by&amp;quot; an agent (the agent is a second resource), or that a resource &amp;quot;is about the subject of&amp;quot; some concept (the concept is also a resource).&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Element Refinement in Dublin Core™ Metadata</title>
      <link>https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-01-23/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 23 Jan 2005 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-01-23/</guid>
      <description>&lt;table class=&#34;docinfo&#34; cellspacing=&#34;0&#34;&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Creator:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Pete Johnston&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Date Issued:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;2005-01-23&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Identifier:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-01-23/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-01-23/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Replaces:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;Not applicable&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Is Replaced By:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-04-11/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/2005-04-11/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Latest Version:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/&#34;&gt;http://dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dc-elem-refine/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Status of Document:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;This is a DCMI &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/#workingdrafts&#34;&gt;Working Draft&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;th&gt;Description:&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;This document describes the concept of &#34;element refinement&#34; as used in Dublin Core&amp;#8482; metadata. It seeks to explain the consequences of stating that one property &#34;refines&#34; a second property. The purpose is to clarify that in some cases it may be appropriate and useful to make such an assertion and in other cases such an assertion may result in contradictions.&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;elements-properties-and-statements&#34;&gt;Elements, Properties and Statements&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dublin Core™ elements and element refinements are properties. A property is &amp;quot;a specific aspect, characteristic, attribute, or relation used to describe resources&amp;quot;. According to the &lt;em&gt;DCMI Abstract Model&lt;/em&gt;, all these &amp;quot;aspects, characteristics, attributes and relations&amp;quot; involve relationships between resources [DCMIAM]. Each property corresponds to a type of relationship, such as the notion that a resource &amp;quot;is created by&amp;quot; an agent (the agent is a second resource), or that a resource &amp;quot;is about the subject of&amp;quot; some concept (the concept is also a resource).&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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